ABSTRACT
RESUMEN Chile se ha ido convirtiendo en un país de destino para las migraciones sudamericanas, las cuales generan un impacto en los servicios públicos, en particular en salud, a nivel económico, social y cultural. El objetivo de este artículo es aportar información documentada sobre los problemas de acceso a la salud de los inmigrantes indocumentados. Trabajamos desde una metodología cualitativa, basada principalmente en una etnografía del espacio clínico. Para el análisis de los resultados nos hemos basado en las teorías de las relaciones asimétricas de poder, así como en las de las relaciones interétnicas. En los resultados de la investigación, se destaca el incumplimiento de la normativa y el ejercicio del criterio personal discrecional como barreras en el acceso. Concluimos que, en Chile, los inmigrantes en general e indocumentados, en particular, son considerados pacientes ilegítimos.
ABSTRACT In recent decades, Chile has become a destination for immigrants from other South American countries, which has significantly impacted public services - particularly the public health system - at the economic, social, and cultural levels. The aim of this paper is to provide substantiated information on issues concerning undocumented immigrants' access to health care in Chile. A qualitative methodology, fundamentally an ethnography of the clinical setting, was used. Results were then analyzed in relation to theories of power asymmetries and interethnic relations. The research results highlight the lack of compliance with existing regulations and the exercise of discretionary personal judgment as barriers to access. It is concluded that in Chile immigrants in general, and undocumented immigrants in particular, are considered to be illegitimate patients.
Subject(s)
Humans , Healthcare Disparities/ethnology , Healthcare Disparities/legislation & jurisprudence , Healthcare Disparities/ethics , Undocumented Immigrants , Health Services Accessibility/legislation & jurisprudence , Health Services Accessibility/ethics , Socioeconomic Factors , Attitude of Health Personnel , Chile , Patient Rights , Qualitative Research , Social Discrimination/ethnology , Social Discrimination/legislation & jurisprudence , Social Discrimination/ethics , Anthropology, CulturalABSTRACT
The objective of this paper is to provide an update to psychiatrists regarding the new Brazilian Law for the Inclusion of People with Disabilities (BLI, Law 13,146 of 2015), and, specifically, to discuss potential implications of situations in which examination by a forensic psychiatrist points toward civil incompetence, while the above-mentioned law mandates full civil capacity for disabled persons. A study of Law 13,146/2015 was conducted, including a comparative analysis of legal and psychiatric approaches on the subject. This analysis revealed that the BLI has generated differences of opinion among legislators. However, the greatest difference seems to arise between the justice system and psychiatric expertise in relation to the difference of criteria adopted in the two approaches. The BLI is very recent; it should be revised in response to debates among psychiatrists and the criminal justice system, and especially as jurisprudence is formed over time.
Subject(s)
Humans , Civil Rights/legislation & jurisprudence , Disabled Persons/legislation & jurisprudence , Forensic Psychiatry/legislation & jurisprudence , Brazil , Civil Rights/psychology , Disabled Persons/psychology , Social Discrimination/legislation & jurisprudenceABSTRACT
Objetivo. Presentar un mapeo político sobre discriminación y homofobia asociadas con la epidemia del virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) en entornos institucionales públicos. Material y métodos. Se realizó un mapeo político con actores clave en seis estados de México, a quienes se les aplicó una entrevista semiestructurada para explorar la discriminación y homofobia asociadas con el VIH. La información se sistematizó mediante matrices de contenido por categorías y el software PolicyMaker. Resultados. Se documentaron prácticas discriminatorias y homofóbicas lesivas a la integridad como la denostación, la burla y los crímenes de odio. La mayoría de actores se manifestaron en contra de la discriminación y la homofobia; algunos de ellos influyeron de manera importante en la formulación de políticas para prevenir la discriminación y la homofobia. Sin embargo, los marcos normativos estatales fueron poco específicos. Conclusiones. Son persistentes las prácticas discriminatorias y la homofobia asociadas con el VIH, por lo cual se requiere mayor atención en los estados y es necesario impulsar políticas para prevenirlas, así como la observancia del cumplimiento de las leyes estatales.
Objective. To describe a political mapping on discrimination and homophobia associated to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the context of public institutions in Mexico. Materials and methods. The political mapping was conducted in six Mexican states. Stakeholders who were involved in HIV actions from public and private sectors were included. Semistructured interviews were applied to explore homophobia and discrimination associated with HIV. Information was systematized using the Policy Maker software, which is a good support for analyzing health policies. Results. Discriminatory and homophobic practices in the public domain occurred, damaging people´s integrity via insults, derision and hate crimes. Most stakeholders expressed a supportive position to prevent discrimination and homophobia and some of them had great influence on policy-making decisions. It was found that state policy frameworks are less specific in addressing these issues. Conclusions. Homophobia and discrimination associated to HIV are still considered problematic in Mexico. Homophobia is a very sensitive issue that requires further attention. Also, an actual execution of governmental authority requires greater enforcement of laws against discrimination and homophobia.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , HIV Infections/psychology , Administrative Personnel/psychology , Epidemics , Homophobia/legislation & jurisprudence , Homophobia/prevention & control , Homophobia/psychology , Policy Making , Social Control, Formal , HIV Infections/epidemiology , Private Sector , Social Stigma , Social Discrimination/legislation & jurisprudence , Social Discrimination/prevention & control , Social Discrimination/psychology , Health Policy , LeadershipABSTRACT
El presente artículo tiene el objetivo de otorgar una visión sistematizada de la iniciativa "Empresas comprometidas en la res-puesta al VIH/sida" impulsada en Argentina por la ONG Fundación Huésped y el Programa Conjunto de las Naciones Unidas sobre el VIH/sida (ONUSIDA) para mitigar el impacto de la epidemia sumando al sector laboral en la respuesta al VIH/sida. Se plantean los logros en términos de las acciones realizadas por las empresas en pos de la eliminación de la discriminación hacia las personas con VIH median-te la creación de contextos laborales informados y políticas internas. Asimismo se exponen las diferentes acciones que las empresas pue-den realizar para acompañar el trabajo de la sociedad civil y los go-biernos frente a la epidemia
This article aims to provide a systematized vision of the "Companies Involved in the Response to HIV/AIDS" initiative, promoted in Argentina by the NGO Huesped Foundation and the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) to mitigate the impact of the epidemic by bringing in the labor sector into the response to HIV/AIDS. The achievements are stated in terms of actions performed by companies towards the elimination of discrimination against people with HIV, through the creation of informed work environments and internal policies. Here are also exposed the actions companies can perform in order to join civil society and governments in the fight against the epidemic
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Organizations , HIV , Social Discrimination/legislation & jurisprudence , Human RightsABSTRACT
El presente artículo tiene el objetivo de otorgar una visión sistematizada de la iniciativa "Empresas comprometidas en la respuesta al VIH/sida" impulsada en Argentina por la ONG Fundación Huésped y el Programa Conjunto de las Naciones Unidas sobre el VIH/sida (ONUSIDA) para mitigar el impacto de la epidemia sumando al sector laboral en la respuesta al VIH/sida. Se plantean los logros en términos de las acciones realizadas por las empresas en pos de la eliminación de la discriminación hacia las personas con VIH mediante la creación de contextos laborales informados y políticas internas. Asimismo se exponene las diferentes acciones que las empresas pueden realizar para acompañar el trabajo de la sociedad civil y los gobiernos frente a la epidemia...
This article aims to provide a systematized vision of the "Companies Involved in the Response to HIV/AIDS" initiative, promoted in Argentina by the NGO Huesped Foundation and the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) to mitigate the impact of the epidemic by bringing in the labor sector into the response to HIV/AIDS. The achievements are stated in terms of actions performed by companies towards the elimination of discrimination against people with HIV, through the creation of informed work environments and internal policies. Here are also exposed the actions companies can perform in order to join civil society and governments in the fight against the epidemic...